Expert insights. Personalized for you.
– this is what a client’s IT Manager commented after looking at technology requirements sheet of our Wizdom LMS in a presentation last week (It’s built on.Net, and uses Windows Server, IIS, & MS SQL/Oracle as back-end platform). The presentation than briefly turned into a debate between open-source and proprietary systems. Now, this was not the first time when someone asked me to compare open source vs. proprietary systems, and I am sure it won’t be the last. MORE
MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Courses. E-learning platforms that offer the MOOCs with their regular programs are MOOC platforms. Before delving into the details of best open-source eLearning software and MOOC platforms, let me mention a few stats that would help you have a chuckle: To launch edX, Harvard and MIT invested a whopping $60 million. It additionally incorporates the concept of blended learning to become more popular among traditional scholars. MORE
Should you launch your course on a hosted LMS, or use an open-source option? But if your course is your life’s passion, here are six reasons an open-source LMS will set you up for long-term success. Meanwhile, because an open-source LMS is accessible to a wider audience, it works with a broader range of themes. In a closed-source system, you’re out of luck. Yes, open-source requires more set-up to launch. MORE
If you could rewind the internet back to January 2012, you wouldn’t find much on WordPress learning management systems. During that time I was working on an elearning consulting engagement for a client and was researching possible learning management options. Having experience with systems across a large variety of platforms, I wondered if such a system existed for WordPress (a software I enjoyed using in my spare time). MORE
Open Source vs. Proprietary Learning Management Systems. We're looking at the key cost differences between closed or proprietary solutions, and open source solutions such as Moodle or Totara LMS. ROI Open source online training Learning Management System Totara Lambda Solutions Moodle 2.5 MORE
I learned an important lesson from owning that home: Low cost of purchase. Calculating the Total Cost of a Learning Management System. That house I purchased was in many ways like acquiring an open-source learning management system (LMS). Typically, these aren’t systems that you set up and from which you walk away, allowing them to run on autopilot. That’s when they start their search for a new learning management system. MORE
There are many benefits involved with choosing an open source learning management system (lms) for your educational needs; starting with the ability to fully customize the software to your organization’s needs without having to purchase expensive licenses. With minimal risk involved, it is really hard to go wrong with any of the open source learning management systems listed below. MORE
One of the major benefits of an open-source Learning Management System (LMS) is multiple hosting options. However, most organizations find it advantageous to work with a hosting partner t hat can manag e the more complex aspects of the learning platform while sav ing significant costs in terms of staff ing and productivity. Blog learning ecosystem lms project management open source MORE
For corporations and academic institutions, having a proper Learning Management System is incredibly important. Not only will the right open source LMS allow educators and trainers to teach learners in the most effective ways possible, but it can also drastically improve employee retention and satisfaction by making everyday work-related tasks and continuing education assignments more enjoyable. MORE
Learning management systems (LMS) have become commonplace as the world has turned to online learning. An LMS allows for instructors and learners to seamlessly complete the learning process online just as easily as they can in a classroom. MORE
Learning is an integral part of being human. We learn our whole lives, from the groundwork of mathematics, such as counting, addition and subtraction, to more complicated concepts such as how the universe works and what our place in the galaxy is. Learning is typically associated with classrooms, but as smartphone technologies become more ubiquitous, mobile learning and eLearning are gaining in popularity. L&D learning and development lms LMS MORE
Today’s enterprise learning strategies require smart solutions that go beyond the capabilities of traditional tools. A Learning Platform empowers L&D departments to drive business growth through their efforts, and a key pillar of this solution is the Learning Management System (LMS). Our complete guide to a Learning Management System is here to help. Our complete guide to a Learning Management System (LMS). MORE
Open source learning management systems have become increasingly popular, and on paper they always sound good. The term free is usually a misnomer; there is almost always a cost associated with using open source LMSs. You search the internet for free LMS and click on the first search result for an open source product that looks good. “Learning management software this good should cost twice as much!” MORE
Is your learning management system (LMS) platform meeting your organization’s training objectives? Are you modifying your programs to fit the LMS rather than optimizing your LMS to deliver the best learning? Moodle Features Totara Learn Features LMS Basics MORE
Are you thinking of choosing a new learning management system ? The reasons vary, but the major issue is that companies feel their learning management system can’t meet the challenges of the future working environment. The benefits of online learning are too great to ignore, but it’s a field that is constantly changing as the users’ evolving needs are recognised. It’s no secret that there are a lot of learning management system providers out there. MORE
WELCOME TO EPISODE 31 OF THE TALENTED LEARNING SHOW. To find out more about this podcast series or to see the full collection of episodes visit The Talented Learning Show main page. EPISODE 31 – TOPIC SUMMARY AND GUEST: The learning technology world moves so fast, it can be hard for practitioners to stay ahead of the curve. For example, today we welcome a leader in the open source learning community, Brian Carlson , Co-Founder and CEO of eThink Education. MORE
Open source software is used by some of the world’s top organizations, like McDonalds, the US Department of Defense, and Google. You don’t have to look hard to find out why, as the benefits of open source software are endless. Open Source learning management systems cost less, they are highly flexible and they are more secure. We would like to take this opportunity to debunk 3 common open source myths. Open source MORE
Learning Management Systems eLearning Cost Free eLearning eBooks LMS Features Open Source LMSBuyers spend time looking for the LMS features that they want, but rarely stop to think about the aspects under the surface, like training or support. This post was first published on eLearning Industry. MORE
For the past 20 years, the prevalence and accessibility of systems that distribute, manage and administer training and education via a computer based medium has increased exponentially. The history of web based Learning Management Systems (LMS), from their inception shortly after the development of the World Wide Web, as an extension of their precursors being [.]. MORE
Is open source the best option for your organization? In this article, I’ll explore the pros and cons of open source Learning Management Systems. Learning Management Systems Best Learning Management System LMS Features LMS Selection Open Source LMSIt may be budget-friendly, but are there any downsides to consider before making your final decision? MORE
Top Three Open Source LMSs of 2013-14. Moodle - Whether you like it or not, the system still reigns supreme for free open source. But, as we all know, nothing is ever really free, so if you go open source make sure you have the resources to invest to make it robust. Open Elms – The first free open source LMS, geared specifically for business. – another five systems debuted. The system is fun to use. #1 MORE
Learning Management System LMSThe LMS landscape enhances training effectiveness for organizations in various markets, if you know which features to look for — but with over 600 options in the LMS market, shopping for a new platform is no easy task. We're going to outlinewhich LMS features allow you to enhance the effectiveness of training delivery, increase learner engagement and retention, enhance the user experience, all while saving time and money. MORE
Learning management systems for business organizations are under constant development; even the latest versions have some new features lined up, waiting to rock the boat again and again. It has a history, it might have a well-known name, and it does what every LMS is supposed to do: enable the creation of training courses, and support the learning process. It offers training and support , and it’s accountable for the well-functioning of the system. MORE
Simply defined, a learning management system (LMS) is a software used to administer learning and training of various courses to one or more learners. These days, an LMS is typically a cloud-based system that allows the learners to authenticate themselves, register for the course, complete the course, and then take assessments for learning outcomes. An LMS allows learning at your own pace. Competency-based training and management. MORE
Learning Management Systems have an exciting history behind them. Learning Management Systems eLearning eBooks Experience API Learning Management System Benefits Open Source LMS SCORM MORE
Open source , for many, is a bit of a nerve-racking term. Open source as it pertains to Learning Management Systems (LMS) essentially means that the code is freely available for anyone to download and use anytime and anywhere in the world. Additionally, an open-source LMS offers more customization, functionality, and other benefits compared to closed-source software because of its flexible nature. MORE
You may know me as an independent learning systems consultant. I learned a lot during those years. Open source software is a great example. 10 years ago we would occasionally cross paths with corporate LMS buyers who were evaluating commercial systems side-by-side with open source platforms. We’d snicker and say, “If you’re considering both types of systems, one of us is in the wrong place – and it’s probably us!” MORE
billion in 2013 on learning management systems (LMS). They include features for talent management, knowledge management and performance management. They have all of the capabilities an organization needs to deploy learning and development to its employees. The challenge comes when organizations want to provide learning to critical audiences that are not employees. Customizing an Open Source Platform. MORE
Honestly speaking, they find it easier to manage stuff as old-school rather than investing in a Learning Management System. However, on the other side of the coin, we can also find innumerable corporations and companies who foresee the needs for digital training and learning system. And it’s not surprising, considering the plethora of benefits online learning methodologies have introduced to the corporate world. MORE
The open source learning management system (LMS) is popular since organizations can download free source code and create an eLearning platform tailored to their needs and goals. - 2 MIN READ -. Moodle has more than 158 million registered users worldwide. LMS Basics MORE
This article features 7 questions to help you determine if an open source LMS is right for your organization. Learning Management Systems LMS Features LMS Selection Open Source LMSSelecting the best LMS is an involved process. It all begins with an in-depth evaluation of your online training objectives, training needs, and the talents of your L&D team. MORE
Learning Management Systems (LMS) are becoming more prevalent than ever as educators in all sectors, from K-12 and Higher Education environments to ongoing learning for professionals in the workplace , turn to online learning as a way to conveniently and cost-effectively deliver dynamic learning experiences. Learning Management Systems are either built using open-source technology, closed-source technology, or a hybrid mix of both. MORE
From specialized reports to TinCan which offers the freedom to learn through more engaging ways, here we list the features that stand out the most: 1. Skill-gap tests are an advanced functionality usually found in expensive talent management software – but they come as a standard in eFront Educational and eFront Enterprise. Notifications allow you communicate through automated, yet customized, emails, in an endless number of system events. MORE
Add to it the fact that its open source which makes it free to use, has made it very popular. But is Moodle or any other open source LMS (there are a few good ones like the ones mentioned here ) really free? The cost is not only in terms of money spent on various components of procuring, managing and supporting the element but there could be other costs which can be quite detrimental. So what is a real cost of a free (open source) LMS? MORE
You’re shopping for an LMS and behold FREE OPEN SOURCE LMS pops up. Free and open source. Well hold the phone because if it sounds too good to be true, it’s because open source isn’t all it claims to be. Yes, it sounds like a good idea, but if you own a business or run an association, you might want to think twice about open source. What does open source mean? Source code must be included. MORE
With an open source Learning Management System (LMS), you can customize your experience and programs based on your business goals and department directives, allowing different groups of employees to access hundreds of learning modules. Based on pricing models, customer types, special features, and support, here is our list of the 5 best open source learning management systems. Free, open source software. MORE
A simple tool designed to run learning modules and tests in an academic institution has evolved into an all-purpose application/software, which is now used in both academia and enterprise learning across the world. From running tests, to performance evaluation at work, to social learning features built into the LMS to integrated ERP and CMS facilities to power full-feature websites; the LMS is no longer a simple learning system! MORE
Depending on which side of the fence you fall on, you are either in favor of open source learning management systems (LMS) or not. Being in the open source business for over 12 years now we have come to understand that it is a pretty polarized debate. There are some though, that wisely sit in […] The post Why Top Organizations are Choosing Open Source LMS? Learning Management System Open Source MORE
Lambda Analytika is a robust reporting and analytics solution for open source learning management systems. We are pleased to announce the launch of Lambda Analytika to the market. With over 600 deployments under our belt, customer feedback made it clear that reporting and access to data was a major gap with the current native reporting functionality and plug-ins available in Moodle and Totara MORE
Leading elearning solutions provider, Learning Pool, is delighted to have made the 2020 list for ‘Best Learning Management Systems’ by eLearning Industry. . Learning Pool’s Learning Management System is one of the most feature-rich, open-source LMS’s on the market. MORE
Next, you open up the box and find out that the puzzle has 10,000 pieces. You soon learn that the pieces are basic and require a specific skill set which you or your staff does not possess. What you just read is what happens when you go free with a learning platform. I would say open source, but there are systems that provide open source and they are not free. Thus free open source (a proper way) or some platform that is free. MORE
Your Training Edge
JUNE 3, 2019
With an open source Learning Management System (LMS), you can customize your experience and programs based on your business goals and department directives, allowing different groups of employees to access hundreds of learning modules. Based on pricing models, customer types, special features, and support, here is our list of the 5 best open source learning management systems. Free, open source software.
Dan Keckan
MARCH 29, 2019
Is open source the best option for your organization? In this article, I’ll explore the pros and cons of open source Learning Management Systems. Learning Management Systems Best Learning Management System LMS Features LMS Selection Open Source LMSIt may be budget-friendly, but are there any downsides to consider before making your final decision?
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
B Online Learning
APRIL 21, 2013
For the past 20 years, the prevalence and accessibility of systems that distribute, manage and administer training and education via a computer based medium has increased exponentially. The history of web based Learning Management Systems (LMS), from their inception shortly after the development of the World Wide Web, as an extension of their precursors being [.].
Lambda Solutions
MAY 8, 2015
Open source software is used by some of the world’s top organizations, like McDonalds, the US Department of Defense, and Google. You don’t have to look hard to find out why, as the benefits of open source software are endless. Open Source learning management systems cost less, they are highly flexible and they are more secure. We would like to take this opportunity to debunk 3 common open source myths. Open source
Lambda Solutions
NOVEMBER 14, 2014
Depending on which side of the fence you fall on, you are either in favor of open source learning management systems (LMS) or not. Being in the open source business for over 12 years now we have come to understand that it is a pretty polarized debate. There are some though, that wisely sit in […] The post Why Top Organizations are Choosing Open Source LMS? Learning Management System Open Source
Talented Learning
DECEMBER 17, 2019
You may know me as an independent learning systems consultant. I learned a lot during those years. Open source software is a great example. 10 years ago we would occasionally cross paths with corporate LMS buyers who were evaluating commercial systems side-by-side with open source platforms. We’d snicker and say, “If you’re considering both types of systems, one of us is in the wrong place – and it’s probably us!”
Docebo
AUGUST 16, 2019
Today’s enterprise learning strategies require smart solutions that go beyond the capabilities of traditional tools. A Learning Platform empowers L&D departments to drive business growth through their efforts, and a key pillar of this solution is the Learning Management System (LMS). Our complete guide to a Learning Management System is here to help. Our complete guide to a Learning Management System (LMS).
Upside Learning
APRIL 29, 2010
Add to it the fact that its open source which makes it free to use, has made it very popular. But is Moodle or any other open source LMS (there are a few good ones like the ones mentioned here ) really free? The cost is not only in terms of money spent on various components of procuring, managing and supporting the element but there could be other costs which can be quite detrimental. So what is a real cost of a free (open source) LMS?
Lambda Solutions
AUGUST 31, 2016
Open Source vs. Proprietary Learning Management Systems. We're looking at the key cost differences between closed or proprietary solutions, and open source solutions such as Moodle or Totara LMS. ROI Open source online training Learning Management System Totara Lambda Solutions Moodle 2.5
Ed App
JANUARY 13, 2021
Learning management systems (LMS) have become commonplace as the world has turned to online learning. An LMS allows for instructors and learners to seamlessly complete the learning process online just as easily as they can in a classroom.
eThink Education
MAY 19, 2020
Learning Management Systems (LMS) are becoming more prevalent than ever as educators in all sectors, from K-12 and Higher Education environments to ongoing learning for professionals in the workplace , turn to online learning as a way to conveniently and cost-effectively deliver dynamic learning experiences. Learning Management Systems are either built using open-source technology, closed-source technology, or a hybrid mix of both.
Origin Learning
FEBRUARY 8, 2018
A simple tool designed to run learning modules and tests in an academic institution has evolved into an all-purpose application/software, which is now used in both academia and enterprise learning across the world. From running tests, to performance evaluation at work, to social learning features built into the LMS to integrated ERP and CMS facilities to power full-feature websites; the LMS is no longer a simple learning system!
Association eLearning
SEPTEMBER 17, 2015
You’re shopping for an LMS and behold FREE OPEN SOURCE LMS pops up. Free and open source. Well hold the phone because if it sounds too good to be true, it’s because open source isn’t all it claims to be. Yes, it sounds like a good idea, but if you own a business or run an association, you might want to think twice about open source. What does open source mean? Source code must be included.
Pinlearn
JULY 31, 2019
Honestly speaking, they find it easier to manage stuff as old-school rather than investing in a Learning Management System. However, on the other side of the coin, we can also find innumerable corporations and companies who foresee the needs for digital training and learning system. And it’s not surprising, considering the plethora of benefits online learning methodologies have introduced to the corporate world.
LearnDash
AUGUST 7, 2018
Should you launch your course on a hosted LMS, or use an open-source option? But if your course is your life’s passion, here are six reasons an open-source LMS will set you up for long-term success. Meanwhile, because an open-source LMS is accessible to a wider audience, it works with a broader range of themes. In a closed-source system, you’re out of luck. Yes, open-source requires more set-up to launch.
Gyrus
MARCH 11, 2015
Open source learning management systems have become increasingly popular, and on paper they always sound good. The term free is usually a misnomer; there is almost always a cost associated with using open source LMSs. You search the internet for free LMS and click on the first search result for an open source product that looks good. “Learning management software this good should cost twice as much!”
LearnDash
APRIL 16, 2015
If you could rewind the internet back to January 2012, you wouldn’t find much on WordPress learning management systems. During that time I was working on an elearning consulting engagement for a client and was researching possible learning management options. Having experience with systems across a large variety of platforms, I wondered if such a system existed for WordPress (a software I enjoyed using in my spare time).
Lambda Solutions
OCTOBER 18, 2016
Learning Management System LMSThe LMS landscape enhances training effectiveness for organizations in various markets, if you know which features to look for — but with over 600 options in the LMS market, shopping for a new platform is no easy task. We're going to outlinewhich LMS features allow you to enhance the effectiveness of training delivery, increase learner engagement and retention, enhance the user experience, all while saving time and money.
Designing Digitally
FEBRUARY 22, 2016
There are many benefits involved with choosing an open source learning management system (lms) for your educational needs; starting with the ability to fully customize the software to your organization’s needs without having to purchase expensive licenses. With minimal risk involved, it is really hard to go wrong with any of the open source learning management systems listed below.
eLearning 24-7
MARCH 31, 2014
Next, you open up the box and find out that the puzzle has 10,000 pieces. You soon learn that the pieces are basic and require a specific skill set which you or your staff does not possess. What you just read is what happens when you go free with a learning platform. I would say open source, but there are systems that provide open source and they are not free. Thus free open source (a proper way) or some platform that is free.
Lambda Solutions
APRIL 13, 2015
Lambda Analytika is a robust reporting and analytics solution for open source learning management systems. We are pleased to announce the launch of Lambda Analytika to the market. With over 600 deployments under our belt, customer feedback made it clear that reporting and access to data was a major gap with the current native reporting functionality and plug-ins available in Moodle and Totara
Dan Keckan
APRIL 11, 2019
This article features 7 questions to help you determine if an open source LMS is right for your organization. Learning Management Systems LMS Features LMS Selection Open Source LMSSelecting the best LMS is an involved process. It all begins with an in-depth evaluation of your online training objectives, training needs, and the talents of your L&D team.
Talented Learning
DECEMBER 4, 2019
WELCOME TO EPISODE 31 OF THE TALENTED LEARNING SHOW. To find out more about this podcast series or to see the full collection of episodes visit The Talented Learning Show main page. EPISODE 31 – TOPIC SUMMARY AND GUEST: The learning technology world moves so fast, it can be hard for practitioners to stay ahead of the curve. For example, today we welcome a leader in the open source learning community, Brian Carlson , Co-Founder and CEO of eThink Education.
Lambda Solutions
SEPTEMBER 5, 2018
Is your learning management system (LMS) platform meeting your organization’s training objectives? Are you modifying your programs to fit the LMS rather than optimizing your LMS to deliver the best learning? Moodle Features Totara Learn Features LMS Basics
Lambda Solutions
JUNE 12, 2019
The open source learning management system (LMS) is popular since organizations can download free source code and create an eLearning platform tailored to their needs and goals. - 2 MIN READ -. Moodle has more than 158 million registered users worldwide. LMS Basics
Dan Keckan
SEPTEMBER 9, 2018
Learning Management Systems eLearning Cost Free eLearning eBooks LMS Features Open Source LMSBuyers spend time looking for the LMS features that they want, but rarely stop to think about the aspects under the surface, like training or support. This post was first published on eLearning Industry.
eFront
JULY 11, 2013
From specialized reports to TinCan which offers the freedom to learn through more engaging ways, here we list the features that stand out the most: 1. Skill-gap tests are an advanced functionality usually found in expensive talent management software – but they come as a standard in eFront Educational and eFront Enterprise. Notifications allow you communicate through automated, yet customized, emails, in an endless number of system events.
Dan Keckan
DECEMBER 28, 2020
Learning Management Systems have an exciting history behind them. Learning Management Systems eLearning eBooks Experience API Learning Management System Benefits Open Source LMS SCORM
eThink Education
MARCH 11, 2019
Open source , for many, is a bit of a nerve-racking term. Open source as it pertains to Learning Management Systems (LMS) essentially means that the code is freely available for anyone to download and use anytime and anywhere in the world. Additionally, an open-source LMS offers more customization, functionality, and other benefits compared to closed-source software because of its flexible nature.
Learning Pool
SEPTEMBER 23, 2020
Leading elearning solutions provider, Learning Pool, is delighted to have made the 2020 list for ‘Best Learning Management Systems’ by eLearning Industry. . Learning Pool’s Learning Management System is one of the most feature-rich, open-source LMS’s on the market.
Lambda Solutions
JANUARY 2, 2019
For corporations and academic institutions, having a proper Learning Management System is incredibly important. Not only will the right open source LMS allow educators and trainers to teach learners in the most effective ways possible, but it can also drastically improve employee retention and satisfaction by making everyday work-related tasks and continuing education assignments more enjoyable.
Absorb LMS
OCTOBER 17, 2016
I learned an important lesson from owning that home: Low cost of purchase. Calculating the Total Cost of a Learning Management System. That house I purchased was in many ways like acquiring an open-source learning management system (LMS). Typically, these aren’t systems that you set up and from which you walk away, allowing them to run on autopilot. That’s when they start their search for a new learning management system.
G-Cube
FEBRUARY 22, 2010
– this is what a client’s IT Manager commented after looking at technology requirements sheet of our Wizdom LMS in a presentation last week (It’s built on.Net, and uses Windows Server, IIS, & MS SQL/Oracle as back-end platform). The presentation than briefly turned into a debate between open-source and proprietary systems. Now, this was not the first time when someone asked me to compare open source vs. proprietary systems, and I am sure it won’t be the last.
eThink Education
FEBRUARY 24, 2020
One of the major benefits of an open-source Learning Management System (LMS) is multiple hosting options. However, most organizations find it advantageous to work with a hosting partner t hat can manag e the more complex aspects of the learning platform while sav ing significant costs in terms of staff ing and productivity. Blog learning ecosystem lms project management open source
eLearning 24-7
FEBRUARY 17, 2014
Top Three Open Source LMSs of 2013-14. Moodle - Whether you like it or not, the system still reigns supreme for free open source. But, as we all know, nothing is ever really free, so if you go open source make sure you have the resources to invest to make it robust. Open Elms – The first free open source LMS, geared specifically for business. – another five systems debuted. The system is fun to use. #1
Growth Engineering
NOVEMBER 8, 2016
Are you thinking of choosing a new learning management system ? The reasons vary, but the major issue is that companies feel their learning management system can’t meet the challenges of the future working environment. The benefits of online learning are too great to ignore, but it’s a field that is constantly changing as the users’ evolving needs are recognised. It’s no secret that there are a lot of learning management system providers out there.
dVinci Interactive
DECEMBER 3, 2012
billion in 2013 on learning management systems (LMS). They include features for talent management, knowledge management and performance management. They have all of the capabilities an organization needs to deploy learning and development to its employees. The challenge comes when organizations want to provide learning to critical audiences that are not employees. Customizing an Open Source Platform.
Ed App
JUNE 18, 2020
Learning is an integral part of being human. We learn our whole lives, from the groundwork of mathematics, such as counting, addition and subtraction, to more complicated concepts such as how the universe works and what our place in the galaxy is. Learning is typically associated with classrooms, but as smartphone technologies become more ubiquitous, mobile learning and eLearning are gaining in popularity. L&D learning and development lms LMS
Hurix Digital
FEBRUARY 27, 2019
Simply defined, a learning management system (LMS) is a software used to administer learning and training of various courses to one or more learners. These days, an LMS is typically a cloud-based system that allows the learners to authenticate themselves, register for the course, complete the course, and then take assessments for learning outcomes. An LMS allows learning at your own pace. Competency-based training and management.
Matrix
JUNE 16, 2016
Learning management systems for business organizations are under constant development; even the latest versions have some new features lined up, waiting to rock the boat again and again. It has a history, it might have a well-known name, and it does what every LMS is supposed to do: enable the creation of training courses, and support the learning process. It offers training and support , and it’s accountable for the well-functioning of the system.
116 
Let's personalize your content